Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz was a prominent German polymath and one of the most important logicians, mathematicians and natural philosophers of the Enlightenment. As a representative of the seventeenth-century tradition of rationalism, Leibniz developed, as his most prominent accomplishment, the ideas of differential and integral calculus, independently of Isaac Newton’s contemporaneous developments. Mathematical works have consistently favored Leibniz’s notation as the conventional expression of calculus. It was only in the 20th century that Leibniz’s law of continuity and transcendental law of homogeneity found mathematical implementation. His most famous works are The Book of Healing, a philosophical and scientific encyclopedia, the physician philosopher and The Canon of Medicine, a medical encyclopedia which became a standard medical text at many medieval universities and remained in use as late as 1650. Besides philosophy and medicine, Avicenna’s corpus includes writings on astronomy, alchemy, geography and geology, psychology, Islamic theology, logic, mathematics, physics and works of poetry.
Aristotle (384 BC–322 BC)
In his work De motu musculorum, Galen explained the difference between motor and sensory nerves, discussed the concept of muscle tone, and explained the difference between agonists and antagonists. Second, doctors have limited time to learn about personal finance while in training/practice. Jimmy‘s passion is teaching doctors how to create the time, financial freedom, and mindset shifts they need to create a life they love, which he does https://forexarena.net/ through books, podcasts, and his coaching program called the Alpha Coaching Experience.
- Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel was a German philosopher and an important figure in German idealism.
- If I am being honest, I’d recommend the other books in this section ahead of this one, but it is still good enough to make the list.
- It was here in court that Galen wrote extensively on medical subjects.
The Physician Philosopher™’s Guide to Personal Finance
As a result, some texts of Galen exist only in Arabic translation,[77] while others exist only in medieval Latin translations of the Arabic. In some cases scholars have even attempted to translate from the Latin or Arabic back into Greek where the original is lost.[72][78][79] For some of the ancient sources, such as Herophilus, Galen’s account of their work is all that survives. Several schools of thought existed within the medical field during Galen’s lifetime, the main two being the Empiricists and Rationalists (also called Dogmatists or Philosophers), with the Methodists being a smaller group. The Empiricists emphasized the importance of physical practice and experimentation or “active learning” in the medical discipline. In direct opposition to the Empiricists were the Rationalists, who valued the study of established teachings in order to create new theories in the name of medical advancements. The Methodists formed somewhat of a middle ground, as they were not as experimental as the Empiricists, nor as theoretical as the Rationalists.
The Physician Philosopher’s Guide to Personal Finance
This denotes a clear evolution in an academic field that, for all of its insight and illumination, also has a deep-seated history of Eurocentrism. This is not because we have overlooked these thinkers, nor because their contributions don’t warrant inclusion in such a list. Rather, this is a direct reflection of the enormous scope of time accounted for in our ranking.
Two Books, One Purpose:Empowering Physicians
F. Gilliam believes that the Antonine plague probably caused more deaths than any other epidemic during the empire before the mid-3rd century.[42] Although Galen’s description is incomplete, it is sufficient to enable a firm identification of the disease as related to smallpox. Their journey is powered by financial freedom through non-clinical income and a healthy savings rate. When they do practice medicine, they do it with contentment in their heart and control over their thoughts. They live a life of abundance and growth where Imposter Syndrome and Burnout have been defeated.
It was 2 am two days before Christmas when I received the call from my mom. This started my journey into wondering why doctors kill themselves. For the first time since I became a physician, my arrival fallacy was gone. I learned how to enjoy the journey and that the elusive balance I’d been looking for was possible. As a physician, husband, father, and entrepreneur, I know what it’s like to feel like there is never time to take a deep breath and end up on the road to burnout.
Edmund Gustav Albrecht Husserl was a German philosopher who established the school of phenomenology. In his early work, he elaborated critiques of historicism and of psychologism in logic based on analyses of intentionality. In his mature work, he sought to develop a systematic foundational science based on the so-called phenomenological reduction. Arguing that transcendental consciousness sets the limits of all possible knowledge, Husserl redefined phenomenology as a transcendental-idealist philosophy. Husserl’s thought profoundly influenced 20th-century philosophy, and he remains a notable figure in contemporary philosophy and beyond. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel was a German philosopher and an important figure in German idealism.
One of the most influential thinkers in the history of classical liberalism, he contributed widely to social theory, political theory, and political economy. Dubbed “the most influential English-speaking philosopher of the nineteenth century”, he conceived of liberty as justifying the freedom of the individual in opposition to unlimited state and social control. Karl Heinrich Marx was a German philosopher, economist, historian, sociologist, political theorist, journalist and socialist revolutionary. Born in Trier, Germany, Marx studied law and philosophy at university.
He regarded medicine as an interdisciplinary field that was best practiced by utilizing theory, observation, and experimentation in conjunction. Søren Aabye Kierkegaard was a Danish philosopher, theologian, poet, social critic and religious author who is widely considered to be the first existentialist philosopher. He wrote critical texts on organized religion, Christendom, morality, ethics, psychology, and the philosophy of religion, displaying a fondness for metaphor, irony and parables. Much of his philosophical work deals with the issues of how one lives as a “single individual”, giving priority to concrete human reality over abstract thinking and highlighting the importance of personal choice and commitment. He was against literary critics who defined idealist intellectuals and philosophers of his time, and thought that Swedenborg, Hegel, Fichte, Schelling, Schlegel and Hans Christian Andersen were all “understood” far too quickly by “scholars”. Galen’s approach to medicine became and remains influential in the Islamic world.
Find out where Plato among philosophy’s major branches and subdisciplines. Find out where Socrates among philosophy’s major branches and subdisciplines. Happily, when one distills a more current period of history in the philosophy discipline, one can see just how much the field of thought has evolved today, such that a meaningful number of women, people of color, and people of non-European origin are represented.
Although the main focus of his work was on medicine, anatomy, and physiology, Galen also wrote about logic and philosophy. His writings were influenced by earlier Greek and Roman thinkers, including Plato, Aristotle, the Stoics, and the Pyrrhonists. Galen was concerned to combine philosophical thought with medical practice, as in his brief work That the Best Physician is also a Philosopher he took aspects from each group and combined them with his original thought.
Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell was a British polymath. His work has had a considerable influence on mathematics, logic, set theory, linguistics, artificial intelligence, cognitive science, computer science and various areas of analytic philosophy, especially logic, philosophy of mathematics, philosophy of language, epistemology and metaphysics. Russell was also a public intellectual, historian, social critic, political activist, and Nobel laureate. His best-known titles are the 1848 pamphlet The Communist Manifesto and the three-volume Das Kapital. Marx’s political and philosophical thought had enormous influence on subsequent intellectual, economic and political history. His name has been used as an adjective, a noun and a school of social theory.
